What is emotional abuse?
Emotional abuse, which is 8% of all substantiated cases of child
abuse, is commonly defined as the systematic tearing down of another human being. It is
considered a pattern of behavior that can seriously interfere with a child's positive
development. Emotional abuse is probably the least understood of all child abuse, yet it
is the most prevalent, and can be the cruelest and most destructive of all types of abuse.
Because emotional abuse attacks the child's psyche and self-concept,
the victim comes to see him or herself as unworthy of love and affection. Children who are
constantly shamed, humiliated, terrorized or rejected suffer at least as much, if not
more, than if they had been physically assaulted.
An infant who is being severely deprived of basic emotional nurturing,
even though physically well cared for, can fail to thrive and can eventually die. Less
severe forms of early emotional deprivation may produce babies who grow into anxious and
insecure children who are slow to develop or who might have low self-esteem.
Types of Emotional Abuse:
1] Rejecting -- Parents who lack the ability to bond
will often display rejecting behavior toward a child. They tell a child in a variety of
ways that he or she is unwanted. They may also tell the child to leave, call him or her
names and tell the child he or she is worthless. They may not talk to or hold the young
child as he or she grows. The child may become the family scapegoat, being blamed for all
the family's problems.
2] Ignoring -- Adults who have had few of their
emotional needs met are often unable to respond to the needs of their children. They may
not show attachment to the child or provide nurturance. They may show no interest in the
child, express affection or even recognize the child's presence. Many times the parent is
physically there but emotionally unavailable.
3] Terrorizing -- Parents may single out one child to
criticize and punish. They may ridicule him or her for displaying normal emotions and have
expectations far beyond his or her normal abilities. The child may be threatened with
death, mutilation or abandonment.
4] Isolating -- A parent who abuses a child through
isolation may not allow the child to engage in appropriate activities with his or her
peers; may keep a baby in his or her room, not exposed to stimulation; or may prevent
teenagers from participating in extracurricular activities. Parents may require the child
to stay in his or her room from the time school lets out until the next morning, or
restrict eating to isolation or seclusion.
5] Corrupting -- Parents permit children to use drugs
or alcohol; to watch cruel behavior toward animals; to watch pornographic materials and
adult sex acts; or to witness or participate in criminal activities such as stealing,
assault, prostitution, gambling, etc.
What are the effects of emotional abuse?
Other types of abuse are usually identifiable because marks or other
physical evidence is left, however, emotional abuse can be very hard to diagnose or
even to define. In some instances, an emotionally abused child will show no signs of
abuse. For this reason, emotional abuse is the most difficult form of child maltreatment
to identify and stop. This type of abuse leaves hidden scars that manifest themselves in
numerous ways. Insecurity, poor self-esteem, destructive behavior, angry acts (such as
fire setting or cruelty to animals), withdrawal, poor development of basic skills, alcohol
or drug abuse, suicide and difficulty forming relationships can all be possible results of
emotional abuse.